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Spread limit betting rules holdem
Some informal games allow a bet to be made by placing the amount of cash on the table without converting it to chips, as this speeds up play. However, table stakes rules strictly prohibit this from being done while a hand is in progress. Other drawbacks to using cash include the ease with which cash can be "ratholed", which is normally disallowed, in addition to the security risk of leaving cash on the table.
As a result, many games and virtually all casinos require a formal "buy-in" when a player wishes to increase their stake, or at least require any cash placed on the table to be converted into chips as quickly as possible. Players in home games typically have both cash and chips available; thus, if money for expenses other than bets is needed, such as food, drinks and fresh decks of cards, many players typically pay out of pocket. Some players especially professionals loath removing any part of their stack from play for any reason, especially once their stacks exceed the initial buy-in limit.
In casinos and public cardrooms, however, the use of cash is occasionally restricted or discouraged, so players often establish a small cache of chips called the "kitty", used to pay for such things. At a casino, dealers who exchange cash for chips are expected to immediately secure any cash by placing it into a locked box near their station.
This means that regardless of how chips are purchased, when cashing them in it is typically not possible to sell them back to the dealer since they have no access to any cash. Poker chips must therefore be taken to the cashier to be exchanged for cash.
Dealers who handle buy-ins will often be willing and sometimes encourage departing players to "color up" their stacks by exchanging them for the highest-available denominations, both for the convenience of the player and to minimize the number of times casino staff must deliver fresh chips to the poker table - a time-consuming process.
On the other hand, casinos that expect players to buy chips from the cashier will usually furnish players with chip trays typically designed to handle chips each to ease the handling of large numbers of chips. Chips given by players or otherwise retained by the dealer for tips, rake and other fees where applicable are usually placed in separate locked boxes by the dealer, although in some casinos the rake is kept in a separate row in the dealer's tray.
Other rules[ edit ] Public cardrooms often have additional rules designed to speed up play, earn revenue for the casino such as the "rake" , improve security and discourage cheating. Forced bets[ edit ] All poker games require some forced bets to create an initial stake for the players to contest, as well as an initial cost of being dealt each hand for one or more players. The requirements for forced bets and the betting limits of the game see below are collectively called the game's betting structure.
Ante[ edit ] An ante is a forced bet in which all players put an equal amount of money or chips into the pot before the deal begins. Often this is either a single unit a one-value or the smallest value in play or some other small amount; a proportion such as a half or a quarter of the minimum bet is also common. An ante paid by every player ensures that a player who folds every round will lose money though slowly , thus providing all players with an incentive, however small, to play the hand rather than toss it in when the opening bet reaches them.
Antes are the most common forced bet in draw poker and stud poker but are uncommon in games featuring blind bets see next section. However, some tournament formats of games featuring blinds impose an ante to discourage extremely tight play. Antes encourage players to play more loosely by lowering the cost of staying in the hand calling relative to the current pot size, offering better pot odds. With antes, more players stay in the hand, which increases pot size and makes for more interesting play.
This is considered important to ensure good ratings for televised tournament finals. Most televised high-stakes cash games also use both blinds and antes. Televised cash games usually have one of the players, normally the dealer, pay for everyone to accelerate play. If there are six players for example, the dealer would toss six times the ante into the pot, paying for each person.
Tournaments which employ antes, often do so only in the later rounds. This simplifies betting, but causes minor inequities if other players come and go or miss their turn to deal. During such times, the player can be given a special button indicating the need to pay an ante to the pot known as "posting"; see below upon their return.
Some cardrooms eliminate these inequities by always dealing all players into every hand whether they are present or not. In such cases casino staff or neighboring players under staff supervision will be expected to post antes and fold hands on behalf of absent players as necessary. Main article: Blind poker A standard Texas hold 'em game with blinds A blind bet or just blind is a forced bet placed into the pot by one or more players before the deal begins, in a way that simulates bets made during play.
The most common use of blinds as a betting structure calls for two blinds: the player after the dealer blinds about half of what would be a normal bet, and the next player blinds what would be a whole bet. This two-blind structure, sometimes with antes, is the dominating structure of play for community card poker games such as Texas hold 'em.
Sometimes only one blind is used often informally as a "price of winning" the previous hand , and sometimes three are used this is sometimes seen in Omaha hold 'em. In the case of three blinds usually one quarter, one quarter, and half a normal bet amount , the first blind goes "on the button", that is, is paid by the dealer. A blind is usually a "live bet"; the amount paid as the blind is considered when figuring the bet to that player the amount needed to call during the first round.
However, some situations, such as when a player was absent from the table during a hand in which they should have paid a blind, call for placing a "dead blind"; the blind does not count as a bet. If there have been no raises when action first gets to the big blind that is, the bet amount facing them is just the amount of the big blind they posted , the big blind has the ability to raise or check. This right to raise called the option occurs only once. As with any raise, if their raise is now called by every player, the first betting round closes as usual.
Similarly to a missed ante, a missed blind due to the player's temporary absence e. Upon the player's return, they must pay the applicable blind to the pot for the next hand they will participate in. The need for this rule is eliminated in casinos that deal in absent players as described above. Also the rule is for temporary absences only; if a player leaves the table permanently, special rules govern the assigning of blinds and button see next subsection.
In some fixed-limit and spread-limit games, especially if three blinds are used, the big blind amount may be less than the normal betting minimum. Players acting after a sub-minimum blind have the right to call the blind as it is, even though it is less than the amount they would be required to bet, or they may raise the amount needed to bring the current bet up to the normal minimum, called completing the bet.
When a player in the blinds leaves the game[ edit ] When one or more players pays the small or big blinds for a hand, then after that hand permanently leaves the game by "busting out" in a tournament or simply calling it a night at a public cardroom , an adjustment is required in the positioning of the blinds and the button.
There are three common rule sets to determine this: Simplified: The dealer button moves to the next active player on the left, and the small and big blinds are paid by the first and second players remaining to the left. This is the easiest to track and always rotates the button, but results in "missed blinds". For instance, a player "under the gun" when the player in the big blind busts out ends up paying the small blind; they have "missed" the big blind they would have paid had the leaving player remained in the game.
Similarly, a player in the small blind who busts out means the player in the big blind gets the button, missing the small blind. In the special case of three players in a tournament being reduced to the two-player showdown, any leftover blinds from other rules are "written off" and the Simplified method is used, with the player "on the button" paying the small blind. Moving button: As in Simplified, the button moves to the left to the next active player, and the blinds move to the next two active players.
However, any "missed blinds" are paid by the player whom they skipped as if they were due for the upcoming hand, with one blind paid per player, per hand, biggest blind first. Any blind a player misses on a given hand because a bigger blind was due will be paid by the player in the following hand. This is the most complex ruleset to implement, especially if multiple players leave, but it is the fairest method overall in terms of paying all due blinds and rotating last action.
Dead button: Spots vacated by leaving players who would pay the small blind or get the button during the next hand remain open for the purposes of shifting blinds and button. Thus, the small blind may not be paid in the subsequent hand if the player due to pay the small blind has vacated the spot and, therefore, is considered "dead". However, there is always a big blind even if the spot is vacated by the player who is due to pay the big blind; in such case, the player seated to the left of the vacated spot pays the big blind.
When the dealer button moves to an empty seat, it also is considered "dead", and the last active player before the empty seat retains the "privilege of last action" by default. While simple in tournament formats and the most equitable in terms of paying blinds as due and when normally expected, it can result in inequitable strategic situations regarding last action, and becomes harder to track if the table is "open" players can come and go as in a casino.
In tournaments, the dead button and moving button rules are common replacement players are generally not a part of tournaments. Online cash games generally use the simplified moving button as other methods are more difficult to codify and can be abused by players constantly entering and leaving. Casino card rooms where players can come and go can use any of the three rulesets, though moving button is most common.
When a player immediately takes the place of a player who leaves, the player may have the option to either pay the blinds in the leaving player's stead, in which case play continues as if the player never left, or to "sit out" until the button has moved past him, and thus the chair is effectively empty for purposes of the blinds. Many card rooms do not allow new players to sit out as it is highly advantageous for the new player, both to watch one or more hands without obligation to play, and to enter the game in a very "late" position on their first hand they see all other player's actions except the dealer's.
For these reasons, new players must often post a "live" big blind to enter regardless of their position at the table. When there are only two players[ edit ] The normal rules for positioning the blinds do not apply when there are only two players at the table. The player on the button is always due the small blind, and the other player must pay the big blind. The player on the button is therefore the first to act before the flop, but last to act for all remaining betting rounds.
A special rule is also applied for placement of the button whenever the size of the table shrinks to two players. If three or more players are involved in a hand, and at the conclusion of the hand one or more players have busted out such that only two players remain for the next hand, the position of the button may need to be adjusted to begin heads-up play. The big blind always continues moving, and then the button is positioned accordingly. For example, in a three-handed game, Alice is the button, Dianne is the small blind, and Carol is the big blind.
If Alice busts out, the next hand Dianne will be the big blind, and the button will skip past Dianne and move to Carol. On the other hand, if Carol busts out, Alice will be the big blind, Dianne will get the button and will have to pay the small blind for the second hand in a row. Main article: Kill game A kill blind is a special blind bet made by a player who triggers the kill in a kill game see below.
It is often twice the amount of the big blind or minimum bet known as a full kill , but can be 1. This blind is "live"; the player posting it normally acts last in the opening round after the other blinds, regardless of relative position at the table , and other players must call the amount of the kill blind to play. As any player can trigger a kill, there is the possibility that the player must post a kill blind when they are already due to pay one of the other blinds. Rules vary on how this is handled.
Bring-in[ edit ] A bring-in is a type of forced bet that occurs after the cards are initially dealt, but before any other action. One player, usually chosen by the value of cards dealt face up on the initial deal, is forced to open the betting by some small amount, after which players act after them in normal rotation. Because of this random first action, bring-ins are usually used in games with an ante instead of structured blind bets.
The bring-in is normally assigned on the first betting round of a stud poker game to the player whose upcards indicate the poorest hand. For example, in traditional high hand stud games and high-low split games, the player showing the lowest card pays the bring-in. In low hand games, the player with the highest card showing pays the bring-in. The high card by suit order can be used to break ties, but more often the person closest to the dealer in order of rotation pays the bring-in.
In most fixed-limit and some spread-limit games, the bring-in amount is less than the normal betting minimum often half of this minimum. The player forced to pay the bring-in may choose either to pay only what is required in which case it functions similarly to a small blind or to make a normal bet.
Players acting after a sub-minimum bring-in have the right to call the bring-in as it is, even though it is less than the amount they would be required to bet, or they may raise the amount needed to bring the current bet up to the normal minimum, called completing the bet.
In a game where the bring-in is equal to the fixed bet this is rare and not recommended , the game must either allow the bring-in player to optionally come in for a raise, or else the bring-in must be treated as live in the same way as a blind, so that the player is guaranteed their right to raise on the first betting round the "option" if all other players call. Post[ edit ] Some cash games, especially with blinds, require a new player to post when joining a game already in progress.
Posting in this context means putting an amount equal to the big blind or the minimum bet into the pot before the deal. This amount is also called a "dead blind". The post is a "live" bet, meaning that the amount can be applied towards a call or raise when it is the player's turn to act. If the player is not facing a raise when the action gets to them, they may also "check their option" as if they were in the big blind.
A player who is away from their seat and misses one or more blinds is also required to post to reenter the game. In this case, the amount to be posted is the amount of the big or small blind, or both, at the time the player missed them. If both must be posted immediately upon return, the big blind amount is "live", but the small blind amount is "dead", meaning that it cannot be considered in determining a call or raise amount by that player.
Some house rules allow posting one blind per hand, largest first, meaning all posts of missed blinds are live. Posting is usually not required if the player who would otherwise post happens to be in the big blind. This is because the advantage that would otherwise be gained by missing the blind, that of playing several hands before having to pay blinds, is not the case in this situation. It is therefore common for a new player to lock up a seat and then wait several hands before joining a table, or for a returning player to sit out several hands until the big blind comes back around, so that they may enter in the big blind and avoid paying the post.
For this same reason, only one set of missed blinds can be accumulated by the player; old missed blinds are removed when the big blind returns to that player's seat because the player was never in any position to gain from missing the blinds. In online poker it is common for the post to be equal in size to a big blind and to be live, just like the big blind.
This can create a tactical advantage for the player if they choose not to play during the time they would otherwise spend in the blind in full ring games. Straddle and sleeper bets[ edit ] A straddle bet is an optional and voluntary blind bet made by a player after the posting of the small and big blinds, but before cards are dealt.
Straddles are typically used only in cash games played with fixed blind structures. Some jurisdictions and casinos prohibit live straddles. Straddles are normally not permitted in tournament formats and are rarely allowed online. The purpose of a straddle is to "buy" the privilege of last action, which on the first round with blinds is normally the player in the big blind. A straddle or sleeper blind may count as a raise towards the maximum number of raises allowed, or it may count separately; in the latter case this raises the maximum total bet of the first round.
For example, straddling is permitted in Nevada and Atlantic City but illegal in other areas on account of differences in state and local laws. The straddle must be the size of a normal raise over the big blind. A straddle is a live bet; but does not become a "bigger blind".
The straddle acts as a minimum raise but with the difference being that the straddler still gets their option of acting when the action returns to them. In a no-limit game if any other player wants to make a raise with a straddle on board, the minimum raise will be the difference between the big blind and the straddle.
Example: small blind is at 5, big blind is 10 then a straddle would cost The minimum raise would be 10, for a total of 30; it doesn't need to double to Action begins with the player to the left of the straddle. If action returns to the straddle without a raise, the straddle has the option to raise.
This is part of what makes a straddle different from a sleeper because a sleeper does not have the option to raise if everyone folds or calls around to him. Some casinos permit the player to the left of a live straddle to re-straddle by placing a blind bet raising the original straddle. Depending on house rules, each re-straddle is often required to be double the previous straddle, so as to limit the number of feasible re-straddles. Straddling is considered poor long-term strategy by most experts, since the benefit of obtaining last action is more than offset by the cost of making a blind raise.
Because straddling has a tendency to enrich the average pot size without a corresponding increase in the blinds and antes if applicable , players who sit at tables that allow straddling can increase their profits considerably simply by choosing not to straddle themselves.
Mandatory straddles[ edit ] Straddling is voluntary at most cardrooms that allow it, however house rules can make straddling obligatory at times by using a special token called "the rock" at the table. Whoever is in possession of the "rock" is obliged to place a live straddle for double the big blind when they are in the UTG position.
The winner of the ensuing pot takes possession of the "rock" and is obliged to make a live straddle when the UTG position comes around to this player. If the pot is split the "rock" goes to the winner closest to the left i. This is very similar in principle to the "kill blind" of a kill game, but does not necessarily occur in the same circumstances, and the betting amounts do not have to be affected beyond the first round as in a kill game. Mississippi straddle[ edit ] A Mississippi straddle is similar to a live straddle, but instead of being made by the player "under the gun", it can be made by any player, depending on house rules one common variation is to allow this left of big blind or on the button.
House rules permitting Mississippi straddles are common in the southern United States. Like a live straddle, a Mississippi straddle must be at least the minimum raise. Action begins with the player to the left of the straddle in a common variation, action starts left of the big blind, skips over the straddle who is last.
If action gets back to the straddle the straddle has the option of raising. The player to the left of a Mississippi straddle may re-straddle by placing a blind bet raising the original straddle. A sleeper bet is not given the option to raise if other players call, and the player is not buying last action; thus the sleeper bet simply establishes a higher minimum to call for the table during the opening round and allows the player to ignore their turn as long as no one re-raises the sleeper bet.
Sleepers are often considered illegal out-of-turn play and are commonly disallowed, but they can speed up a game slightly as a player who posts a sleeper can focus their attention on other matters such as ordering a drink or buying a tray of chips. It can also be an intimidation tactic as a sleeper raise makes it unfeasible to "limp in" a situation where a player with a mediocre starting hand but acting late only has to call the minimum to see more cards , thus forcing weaker but improvable starting hands out of the play.
Alice is in the small blind, Dianne is in the big blind, Carol is next to act, followed by Joane, with Ellen on the button. The hole cards are dealt. Because of the straddle, Joane is now first to act; she folds. Ellen calls the straddle. Alice folds. Ellen folds. Dianne calls the raise, ending betting on this round. Texas Hold'em, Pot-Limit Omaha, and many other poker variations use a small blind and big blind as the forced bets.
In most poker games, the minimum bet allowed at any given time is equivalent to the amount of the big blind. Antes are sometimes included in games that use blinds, but some games are ante-only. Antes generally function as small forced bets that go in from every player, or sometimes only the big blind player. For more on how forced bets work, click on the "Game Structure" tab above.
Buy-ins and Poker Chips In poker cash games, players buy-in with cash and get an equivalent amount of poker chips to use as currency in the poker game. Cash game chips do carry cash value inside a casino. Tournament chips, on the other hand, have no cash value.
A tournament buy-in allots a pre-determined amount of tournament chips, and the tournament ends when one player collects all of the chips in play. Hole Cards and Community Cards The world's most popular poker games task players with making the best five-card poker hand using a combination of hole cards and community cards. Hole cards stay concealed throughout the hand, only visible to the player holding them.
Community cards are dealt to the board face up and can be used by all players. The only time hole cards are exposed is at showdown, when players turn their cards face up to determine which player has the best hand. Main Pot and Side Pots Blinds and antes go into the main pot before a hand begins. Every time an active player bets, those chips go in the middle and increase the size of the pot. The main pot can only increase if participating players still have more chips they can put in the pot.
When three or more players are in a hand, and at least one player is all-in, the remaining players then start competing for the side pot. If an all-in player can't put chips in the side pot, they can't win that pot, even if they hold the best hand at showdown. Whichever player has the best hand out of the remaining players wins the side pot.
After the under-the-gun player acts, the action moves clockwise around the table, with each player getting the same opportunity to call, raise, or fold. The player in the big blind is last to act unless further action needs to close behind the big blind. In this case, our active player folds, and the next three players also fold. This brings the action to the player in the cutoff position, one seat to the right of the button.
The cutoff player decides to call, and the action moves to the button, who folds. In our example, the big blind calls, and the first round of betting is complete. Postflop Betting Rounds In any round of betting after the flop, the small blind gets to act first if they're still in the hand.
If not, the first player to the left that's still active gets to make the first bet. The dealer puts out the first three of five face up community cards, known as the "flop". After the flop, the small blind, or first still-active player to the left, can either check or bet. In our example, the big blind player is first to act.
Let's say this player checks, which passes the action to the under-the-gun player. The under-the-gun player folds. The action now moves to the cutoff, who makes the call. If the cutoff folds, the hand is over, and the big blind wins without the hand going to a showdown. The dealer then puts out the final community card, known as the river, and the final betting round takes place.
The cutoff also checks, and the two players move to the showdown. The player with the best hand wins according to standard poker hand rankings. The act of all remaining players showing their hole cards is known as the showdown. No-Limit Texas Hold'em stands as just one of many games in the world of poker, however.
Not all games use no-limit betting rules. Let's dive into the differences among no-limit, pot-limit, and limit betting structures in poker. No-Limit Betting Rules The term "no-limit" seems simple enough. In any no-limit poker game, players can bet all of their chips at any time.
Most no-limit games use a system of blinds and a button, and for more on that system check out the "Blinds, button, and antes" tab above.
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Some casinos use the spread-limit form of hold 'em to get around local rules prohibiting no-limit hold 'em. They do this by making the spreads ridiculously huge for example, so that players can normally bet anything from just a few to virtually all their chips, so it's very similar to no-limit , and plays essentially identical to that game.
We sometimes call this No-limit spread-limit hold 'em. All the hands are dealt and we begin the preflop betting round. In this case, the player chooses to call. The next player is the small blind. They push ten additional dollar chips onto their bet and the action moves on. The next player is the big blind. Essentially, once one player has raised the pot by the maximum amount of the spread, the betting round works like fixed-limit, since the increment is now fixed at the top of the spread.
After the flop, the betting rounds start anew, beginning with the small blind position. Again, the minimum amount of any raise is the amount of the previous bet or raise in this round. Commonly, in a structured game there will be two bet sizes, a big bet and a small bet. The big bet is usually equal to two small bets, and both are used to identify the game in question.
If you want to bet in a limit game, you must bet the exact amount of the predetermined bet, no more and no less. In most limit games, the small bet is used for the first two betting rounds, and the big bet is used for all subsequent betting rounds. Increasing the size of the bet as the hand progresses helps to keep the bet from losing its impact as the size of the pot grows.
A game with unstructured betting allows for players to bet any amount, so long as it meets or exceeds the minimum bet. This is commonly referred to as No-Limit poker. In a no-limit game, the minimum bet is usually equal to the amount of the big blind. A semi-structured game is a hybrid of the two. In a semi-structured game, an upper and a lower condition provide a loose structure, with players free to bet any amount in between.
Pot limit poker and spread limit poker are examples of semi-structured games. In a pot limit game, the lower betting limit is set by the size of the big blind, and the upper limit is set by the size of the pot, so that the limit grows alongside the pot.
This creates the potential for the pot to grow exponentially, and can result in very large pots. A spread limit game has an established lower limit and an established upper limit, and these remain consistent throughout the hand. Players may bet any amount between these limits when it is their turn to act.
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